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Margaret Brent
Margaret Brent (c. 1601 – c. 1671), an English immigrant to the Colony of Maryland, settling in its new capitol, St. Mary's City, Maryland, she was the first woman in the English North American colonies to appear before a court of the Common Law. She was a significant founding settler in the early histories of the colonies of Maryland and Virginia. Lord Calvert, Governor of the Maryland Colony, appointed her as the executrix of his estate in 1647, at a time of political turmoil and risk to the future of the settlement. She helped ensure soldiers were paid and given food to keep their loyalty to the colony,〔("Notable Maryland Women: Margaret Brent, Lawyer, Landholder, Entrepreneur" ), Winifred G. Helms, PhD, Editor, Margaret W. Mason, section author, Tidewater Publishers, Cambridge Maryland, 1977, page 5, republished online by the Maryland State Archives: Online manual.〕 thereby very likely having saved the colony from violent mutiny,〔 although her actions were taken negatively by the absentee colonial proprietor in England, Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore,〔 and so ultimately she paid a great price for her efforts and was forced to leave the colony.〔
With Anne Hutchinson, Brent ranks among the most prominent women figures in early Colonial American history.〔 Hailed as a feminist by some in modern times in advancing rights of women under the laws, her insistent advocacy of her legal prerogatives as an unmarried gentlewoman of property, while notable in its exceptional energy, was consistent on paper with English law.〔The same law by which a Reigning Queen ruled the throne of England.〕 However in the rough, male dominated world of the colonies, her stance for her rights and her independence was unusual in actual practice〔 and it would have been fairly uncommon back in England in that period.〔
==Early life and education==
Born in Gloucestershire, England,〔 Margaret Brent and her siblings were all adults when they emigrated from England.〔 She was one of six daughters (of a total of thirteen children)〔〔 of the Lord of Admington and Lark Stoke, Richard Brent, and his wife Elizabeth Reed (daughter of Edward Reed, Lord of Tusburie and Witten).〔W.B. Chilton, The Brent Family, in Genealogies of Virginia Families: From the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (Baltimore, Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1981) Vol. 1, pp. 272-273.〕 Although Richard Brent served as the local sheriff, and the family was at least nominally part of the Church of England, their religion and political loyalty became suspect when one daughter (Catherine) proclaimed her return to the Catholic church and emigrated to Belgium. Under the religious name Christina, she ultimately became abbess of the English convent of Our Lady of Consolation in Cambrai), and was joined by two more sisters during the drawn out religious conflicts which culminated in the English Civil War.〔Bruce E. Steiner, "The Catholic Brents of Colonial Virginia: An Instance of Practical Toleration," ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' 70 (1962), 392-393 and note 21.)〕〔Daniel M. French, Brent Family: the Carroll Families of Colonial Maryland (Alexandria, Va 1981) pp. 29-31 states that Brent sold Admington to Fulke, Lord Brooke circa 1625, and after his four children emigrated to Maryland in 1637-38 (and seven more relatives emigrated to Virginia), about 2/3 of the remaining estates were "compounded or sequestered by Parliament because of their religion" in 1644. In 1688, a mob attacked Richard's heir, Robert, for treasonously abetting "Romish Priests and Jesuits", and he fled to France, where he died in 1695, although his children later gained possession of some of his property and in 1715 paid fines as Catholics. French at pp. 33-34. French also states that his sisters Elizabeth and Eleanor (who took the name Helen) Brent joined Catherine (who served as abbess from 1641-45 and 1677-81) in the Low Countries by 1633. Elizabeth Brent and other Cambrai nuns established the English Convent of Our Lady of Good Hope in Paris in 1652. The only sister who definitely married and had children, Jane Brent Cassie, died in France about 1680. French disagrees with those who assert the youngest sister Anne Brent married Leonard Calvert, since his children were born ten years previously. French at p. 45. Another relative, daughter of Robert and Mary Wharton Brent, Mother Mary Margaret Brent (1731-1784) became a nun in 1778 and Prioress of the English Carmelite convent at Antwerp. Shortly after her death, four nuns (3 from Charles County Maryland) came from Europe to Port Tobacco, Maryland (part of Margaret Brent's estate in 1640) and established their religious order in America. French at pp. 83-84.〕
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